2020-2021学年河南省高一上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版

河南省2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

一、阅读选择

While you’re reading this, we will lose about 25 football fields of rainforest. Every tree that falls results in great damage to the biodiversity(生物多样性)that supports wildlife including tiny frogs and our own relative, the orangutan(猩猩).

It’s up to all of us to do what we can if we are to make sure biodiversity is protected. We invite you to take part in a BIG challenge.

When: March 2021.

Where: Kinabalu National Park, Borneo.

Who: Cheshire business leaders and friends of the zoo, including CEO Dr Mark Pilgrim and Trustee Sandra Donnelly.

What: A run through the jungle of Borneo to raise money for Chester Zoo’s

reforestation(重新造林)work. Participants can choose to run 9km, 30km, 50km, 100km or 100 miles.

We know from our experts in the field that, reforestation is important to bring life back to the land, so we aim to raise money to support our reforestation work in Borneo. Our activities include tree-planting, wildlife monitoring and research and managing forest fires, and every bit of our work contribute to a healthy rainforest place where wildlife can develop.

By taking part in Race for the Rainforest and raising money for Chester Zoo, not only are you encouraging the reinvigoration(重振)of the precious biodiversity that would otherwise be lost, but you are supporting local communities and protecting our planet. 1．What does the author mainly want to tell us in paragraph 1? A．Football fields can be built in rainforest. B．Wildlife is very important to humans. C．We may spend too much time reading the text. D．Biodiversity needs to be protected immediately. 2．How can we take part in the big challenge? A．By running a distance. C．By meeting business leaders. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．The race can make a big difference.

B．By asking others to give money. D．By becoming a worker of the zoo.

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B．Managing forest fires is key to reforestation. C．Chester Zoo centers on looking after animals. D．Enough attention has been paid to biodiversity. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．A 【分析】

这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个为动物园募集资金，支持恢复生物多样性工作的丛林赛跑活动。 【详解】

1.推理判断题。根据第一段“While you’re reading this, we will lose about 25 football fields of rainforest. Every tree that falls results in great damage to the biodiversity(生物多样性)that supports wildlife including tiny frogs and our own relative, the orangutan(猩猩).”可知，当你读到这些的时候，我们将失去25个足球场的雨林。每一棵倒下的树都会严重破坏生物多样性，而这些生物正是包括小青蛙和我们的近亲猩猩在内的野生动物赖以生存的物种。可以推知，通过作者给我们展现的这么一个场景：读这篇文章的时间里我们就会失去有25个足球场面积那样大的一块雨林，这些雨林的失去造成了生物多样性的破坏。作者想告诉我们的是：保护生物多样性刻不容缓。选项D与文意相符，故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据“What”部分中“A run through the jungle of Borneo to raise money for Chester Zoo’s reforestation(重新造林)work. ”可知，穿越婆罗洲丛林，为切斯特动物园的植树造林工程筹集资金。可以推知，通过让人参与丛林赛跑活动，来为Chester动物园的重新造林工作募集资金。选项A与文意相符，故选A。

3.推理判断题。 根据最后一段内容“By taking part in Race for the Rainforest and raising money for Chester Zoo, not only are you encouraging the reinvigoration(重振)of the precious biodiversity that would otherwise be lost, but you are supporting local communities and protecting our planet.”可知，通过参加热带雨林竞赛，为切斯特动物园筹集资金，你们不仅鼓励了珍贵的生物多样性的恢复，否则就会失去，而且你们支持了当地社区，保护了我们的星球。由此推知，参与这次丛林赛跑活动意义重大。选项A符合题意。故选A。

Last Monday, to prepare a picnic, I decided to go into a superstore which was on

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my way home.

I parked my car in the big parking lot and went into the superstore. It was a huge one, spread onto 2 stories and 200, 000+sq-ft. After 45 minutes of shopping(which looked like a real escape game)to just get some tomatoes, cheese and 3 toothpicks, I arrived at the cashier line, thoughtful and a bit upset by the time I spent to get 5 articles. I wondered why I did not go to a small local store.

After 15 minutes of waiting in the line, the woman in front of me called me: \"Heyyou only have 5 articles? Pass before me; I have many more articles than you!\"

It wasn’t the first time it had happened to me. But her initiative(提议)was disarming, as well as was her smile. She did not wear any mask, so I could see it. Not knowing what else to do, I accepted her offering. We chatted a bit waiting for the customers ahead of us to finish-she was very pleasant. Then I thanked her, giving her back my brightest smile although I was wearing a mask.

Getting back in my car, I rethought about that good moment, and realized that she made my day. In the meantime, I wondered how to give it back to her. No doubt it was quite impossible, so I considered how to pay-it-forward to someone else.

While driving, I realized that she saved me 10 minutes. And while I was driving at 70mph, I reduced my speed to 55 mph. The amount of fuel used dropped down by 35%.

As a result, I re-lost part of the 10 minutes that the woman offered me, but it was a way to repay her and do a small thing for the environment. 4．Why did the author regret shopping in the superstore? A．She found the parking lot was full. B．She thought the superstore was too crowded. C．She spent too much time buying too few things. D．She thought the articles there were too expensive.

5．How much time should the author have waited in the line at least if she hadn’t changed her place? A．15 minutes. C．60 minutes.

B．70 minutes. D．25 minutes.

6．What does the underlined word \"disarming\" in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．A little too late.

C．Making people lose ability.

B．Hard to accept.

D．Making people feel less angry.

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7．How did the author repay the woman? A．By wasting 10 minutes. B．By driving a little slower.

C．By paying it forward to someone else. D．By asking others to protect the environment. 【答案】 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．B 【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为挑选商品花费了较长时间，又在结算队伍中等了15分钟，心里很生气。多亏一位女士跟她交换了位置，才得以提前十分钟结账离开商店。作者为了报答那位女士给她节省的10分钟，在回家路上主动降低车速，减少汽车油耗，从而减少对环境的污染。 【详解】

1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“After 45 minutes of shopping(which looked like a real escape game)to just get some tomatoes, cheese and 3 toothpicks, I arrived at the cashier line, thoughtful and a bit upset by the time I spent to get 5 articles. I wondered why I did not go to a small local store.”可知，为了买一些西红柿、奶酪和3盒牙签，我花了45分钟去购物(这看起来像是一个真正的逃避游戏) ，最后我来到了收银台，对于花在买5件物品上的时间，我感到有点心烦意乱。我想知道为什么我不去当地的小商店。所以可知，作者用45分钟时间才购买了5件商品，觉得挑选商品花费时间太多，不如在小商店购买节省时间。选项C与文意一致，故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“After 15 minutes of waiting in the line, the woman in front of me called me: \"Hey, you only have 5 articles? Pass before me; I have many more articles than you!\"”（在排了15分钟的队后，我前面的女士喊我：“嘿，你只有5件物品？ ”到我前面，我的东西比你多得多! ”）可知，作者在结算队伍中等了15分钟后才和那位女士换I realized that she saved me 10 了位置；再根据倒数第二段的“While driving，minutes.”（开车的时候，我意识到她帮我省了10分钟）可知，换位给她节省了10分钟，由此可知，如果作者不换位，那么至少要排队25（15+10）分钟。选项D符合文意。故

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选D。

3.词句猜测题。根据第二段“After 45 minutes of shopping(which looked like a real escape game)to just get some tomatoes, cheese and 3 toothpicks, I arrived at the cashier line, thoughtful and a bit upset by the time I spent to get 5 articles. I wondered why I did not go to a small local store.”（为了买一些西红柿、奶酪和3盒牙签，我花了45分钟去购物(这看起来像是一个真正的逃避游戏) ，最后我来到了收银台，对于花在买5件物品上的时间，我感到有点心烦意乱。我想知道为什么我不去当地的小商店）及第三段“After 15 minutes of waiting in the line, ”（在结账队伍里等候了15分钟）可知，作者因为挑选商品花费了较长时间，再加上排队结算又等待了15分钟，自然感到很懊恼，再结合第三段“\"Hey, you only have 5 articles? Pass before me; I have many more articles than you!\"”（嘿，你只有5件物品？ 到我前面，我的东西比你多得多!）可知，这时，前面那位女士提议换位，这会节省作者时间，她自然会感到不那么生气了。由此推测画线词意为“使人不再生气”。选项D符合文意。故选D。

4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容“While driving, I realized that she saved me 10 minutes. And while I was driving at 70mph, I reduced my speed to 55 mph. The amount of fuel used dropped down by 35%.”（开车的时候，我意识到她帮我省了10分钟。当我以每小时70英里的速度行驶时，我把速度降到了每小时55英里。燃料消耗量下降了

35% ）及最后一段“As a result, I re-lost part of the 10 minutes that the woman offered me, but it was a way to repay her and do a small thing for the environment.”（结果，我又失去了那个女人给我的10分钟的一部分，但这是报答她的方式，也是为环境做点小事）可知，作者为了报答那位女士给她节省的10分钟时间，在回家路上主动降低车速，减少汽车油耗，从而减少对环境的污染。选项B与文意相符，故选B。

The world’s largest iceberg, named A68a, broke away from Antarctica’s Larsen C ice shelf in July, 2017. It has since floated(漂浮)toward the island of South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Satellite pictures show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer an hour and is on a path to hit South Georgia in around 30 days.

Right now is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. This means the distance that parents have to travel to find food is important. Scientists fear that if the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies. That means they have to go a lot further. They have to go around the iceberg, or to actually go further to find food. And that time is quite important at this

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particular period of their life cycle.

Ecologists say an iceberg crash(碰撞)would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts(融化), it would also send large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. Besides, the iceberg could remain for 10 years and change the area’s whole ecosystem. If some rare species fail in this area, their numbers globally are going to go down quite sharply.

The breaking-off of icebergs from Antarctica is a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we’re seeing now is that the speed at which this is happening is increasing. And so, this might become more of a usual thing into the future. Right now, officials are hoping that changing weather patterns could direct the iceberg out into the open ocean, where it would, in time, break up and melt. 8．What can we know about the iceberg A68a? A．It was hit by another iceberg and broke into pieces. B．It has been floating on the sea for more than 4 years. C．It is now more than 500km away from South Georgia. D．It came into being because of a drop in water temperature.

9．How will the iceberg probably influence the penguins and seals in South Georgia? A．By bringing other wildlife there. B．By slowing down their life cycle. C．By cutting off their way to feeding areas. D．By making the weather completely different. 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The time period an iceberg could remain. B．The possible influence of an iceberg crash. C．The possible reason for the failure of rare species. D．The fresh water an iceberg could produce. 11．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Floating icebergs will be more common. B．The iceberg will soon break up and melt. C．Icebergs have nothing to do with climate. D．Officials have planned to direct the iceberg.

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【答案】 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。世界最大冰山A68a正向南乔治亚岛漂移，估计30天能撞上这个海岛。如果发生撞击，将对当地的企鹅和海豹等野生动物构成严重威胁。 8．

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is traveling at one kilometer an hour and is on a path to hit South Georgia in around 30 days.”可知，冰山每小时前进1千米，估计30天能撞上南乔治亚岛，那么现在两者间的距离应该有720千米左右。所以现在它距南乔治亚州500多公里。A，D项未提及，B项more than 4 years表述不对。故选C项。 9．

细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Right now is the time of year when seals …And that time is quite important at this particular period of their life cycle.”可知，如今正是海豹和企鹅照顾幼崽的时节，如果冰山撞上海岛，可能会阻碍企鹅和海豹到达食物源。这意味着他们必须走得更远。他们必须绕过冰山，或者实际上要走得更远才能找到食物。A项“通过把其他野生动植物带到那里”，B项“通过减慢他们的生命周期”，C项“通过切断通往喂养区域的路”，D项“通过使天气完全不同”。故选C项。 10．

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Ecologists say an iceberg crash(碰撞)would also disturb materials settled on the seabed… their numbers globally are going to go down quite sharply.可知，主要介绍了冰山撞击海岛后的影响：搅乱海床上的物质，污染周围海域；冰山融化释放淡水，杀死虾群，影响岛上野生动物的食物来源；冰山可能存在10年，改变地区整个生态系A项“冰统；如果当地稀有物种数量下降，该物种在全世界范围内的数量也将急剧下降。B项“冰山碰撞的可能影响”，C项“稀有物种减少的可能原因”，山可能保存的时间周期”，

D项“冰山可以产生的淡水”。故选B项。 11．

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“What we're seeing now is that the speed at which this is happening is increasing. And so, this might become more of a usual thing into the future.”可

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知，冰山从南极洲脱离的速率在增加，在未来，冰山脱离南极洲飘向他处很有可能会成为普遍的事情。所以可知漂浮的冰山会越来越普遍。故选A项。 【点睛】

阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览。发现细节，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。

A company testing driverless cars has received permission from the state of California to operate the vehicles without human drivers. The tests will be carried out by Cruise, the self-driving car company owned by General Motors.

Cruise reported last week that it got a permit from the California Department of Motor Vehicles to let the self-driving cars travel on their own. The company plans to have them operating in San Francisco by the end of this year. Cruise is still just testing its self-driving vehicles. But it plans to offer ride-sharing services in major cities across the United States in the future.

Until now, testing has only been carved out with human backup drivers in all Cruise vehicles. Rules required the backup drivers to be inside the cars and ready to take control of the vehicles if necessary. Cruise has completed enough testing to feel that it is now ready to safely operate the cars without humans, said company spokesman Ray Wert. Wert said that Cruise would go neighborhood-by-neighborhood in San Francisco before spreading the driverless car to the whole city.

The permission in California followed a similar decision in Arizona. Arizona state officials approved a request by Waymo, a company owned by Google’s parent company Alphabet Inc., to open its ride-sharing service to the public in vehicles without human drivers. The service was launched last week in the city of Phoenix. Progress toward driverless vehicles slowed after one such vehicle hit a passer-by during a test in Tempe, Arizona, in 2018. That vehicle was operated by Uber Technologies.

Steven Shladover is a research engineer at the University of California, Berkeley. He has studied self-driving for 40 years. Shladover said that although Cruise and Waymo program their vehicles to drive more conservatively than humans, both still need to progress safely. He

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noted that Cruise will first use its vehicles in easier areas in San Francisco before sending them into complex traffic situations. 12．What has Cruise done until now?

A．It has done driverless car testing in other states. B．It has helped other companies test their self-driving cars. C．It has completed some testing with human drivers. D．It has offered ride-sharing services using self-driving cars. 13．What caused the testing of self-driving cars to slow down? A．Taxi drivers’ fear of losing their jobs. B．The high cost of doing it in big cities. C．An accident caused by a self-driving vehicle. D．The small number of companies taking part in it.

14．Which of the following does Steven Shladover agree with? A．Self-driving vehicles shouldn’t go without safety. B．Self-driving vehicles drive less carefully than humans. C．Self-driving vehicles can’t get into complex traffic situations. D．Companies should program their vehicles to drive faster. 15．What can be the best title for the text?

A．California Allows Company to Test Cars with No Drivers B．Two Companies’ Self-Driving Tests Get Approved

C．Self-Driving or Human-Driving, Which Should We Depend on? D．Cruise or Waymo, Which Is Leading the Self-Driving Technology? 【答案】 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．A 【分析】

本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了Cruise公司收到加利福尼亚州允许其进行无人类备用司机在车内的自动驾驶实验的消息。文章附带介绍了无人驾驶方面的进度、相关公司和相关研究者们的观点。

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细节理解题。根据第三段中“Until now, testing has only been carved out with human backup drivers in all Cruise vehicles. Rules required the backup drivers to be inside the cars and ready to take control of the vehicles if necessary.(到目前为止，测试仅在Cruise车辆有人类后备司机的情况下进行。规定要求后备司机必须待在车内，并随时准备在必要时控制车辆)”可知，到目前为止，Cruise已经在有人类司机的情况下完成了一些测试。故选C。 13．

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Progress toward driverless vehicles slowed after one such vehicle hit a passer-by during a test in Tempe, Arizona, in 2018. (2018年，在亚利桑那州坦佩市进行的无人驾驶汽车测试中，一辆无人驾驶汽车撞上了一名路人，之后无人驾驶汽车的研发进程放缓)”可知，自动驾驶汽车引起的事故导致自动驾驶汽车的测试减速。故选C。 14．

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Shladover said that although Cruise and Waymo program their vehicles to drive more conservatively than humans, both still need to progress

safely.( Shladover表示，尽管Cruise和Waymo对他们的汽车进行了比人类驾驶更保守的编程，但它们仍然需要安全行驶)”可知，Steven Shladover认为自动驾驶汽车不应该没有安全保障。故选A。 15．

主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A company testing driverless cars has received permission from the state of California to operate the vehicles without human drivers.(一家测试无人驾驶汽车的公司获得了加利福尼亚州的许可，可以在无人驾驶的情况下操作车辆)”结合文章主要报道了Cruise公司收到加利福尼亚州允许其进行无人类备用司机在车内的自动驾驶实验的消息。并附带介绍了无人驾驶方面的进度、相关公司和相关研究者们的观点。故A选项“加州允许公司在无人驾驶的情况下测试汽车”最符合文章标题。故选A。

二、七选五

Here are five ways to show respect for you to consider and hopefully put into practice.

Listen.

Listening to what another person has to say is a basic way to respect them. Everyone wants to have their say. Everyone wants to feel that they’re being listened to. Whether they have something profound to say is not the point. 16．When you give another person your

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time and your ear, you show respect for them.

Serve.

A poet once said, \"We are all here on earth to help others.\" Life on earth is about serving others. In fact, our jobs should be around a desire to serve others and give back to others. Serving shows that we care.17． Be Kind.

Though kindness and service are first cousins, they aren’t the same. We can serve without being kind.18．When we’re kind to someone, we’re giving of ourselves. We’re giving something they can use or maybe something they badly need. We have all been in need. And what a relief it is when someone shows us kindness.

Be Polite.

An act of politeness can change a person’s day. It can even change a person’s life. 19． It can help them press on through what may be difficult. Some cultures are known for their politeness. If you want to show respect for someone, start by being polite.

Be Thankful.

When someone does something good for you, you should thank them. It’s not so much that we need to be thanked.20．When there is no thankfulness for something we’ve done, we feel a lack of respect. A．People want to be heard. B．It can lift their spirits quickly. C．And caring shows that we respect.

D．Respect doesn’t always require thankfulness. E.But it’s very difficult to be kind without serving.

F.It’s that we want to feel that what we’ve done has made a difference. G.To respect someone, you have to say something good about that person. 【答案】 16．A 17．C 18．E 19．B 20．F

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【分析】

这是一篇说明文。介绍了五种表示尊重的方式，并且希望读者能考虑并付诸实践。 【详解】

1.根据上文“Everyone wants to feel that they’re being listened to.”(每个人都希望自己被倾听。)所以空白处可描述人们想要被倾听。选项A.“People want to be heard.”（人们想要被倾听）与前文意义上形成一致，故选A。

2.根据上文“Serving shows that we care.”(服务表明我们关心。)可知，设空处可以写关心表明什么。选项C.“And caring shows that we respect.”（关心表明我们尊重。）与前文意义相符，故选C。

3.结合本段论述的话题“Be Kind.”（要友善）及根据上文“We can serve without being kind.”(我们可以不客气地服务他人。)所以空白处讲述的和“kind”有关，选项E.“But it’s very difficult to be kind without serving.”（但是没有服务是很难友好的。）与前文形成转折关系，同时也和本段论述的话题有关，故选E。

4.根据上文“An act of politeness can change a person’s day. It can even change a person’s life.”(一个礼貌的行为可以改变一个人的一天，甚至可以改变一个人的生活。)结合第二个分句主语使用代词“it”，可推断，空白处论述的也是描述礼貌的作用，句子主语用“it”指代。选项B.“It can lift their spirits quickly.”（可以让他们很快振作起来。）与前文的意思一致，故选B。

5.根据上文“It’s not so much that we need to be thanked.”(这不是说我们需要被感谢。)可推知，空白处即为解释我们需要的是什么。选项F.“It’s that we want to feel that what we’ve done has made a difference.”（是我们想要感受到，我们的所作所为有意义。）和前文构成了意义上的一致，故选F。

三、完形填空

Hunter Leininger, from Canton, Georgia, USA has been doing adventure racing since he was 7 years old. Now, at age 19, he has set world 21 , traveled around the globe, and completed over 50 races! And he is now on a mission(使命) to encourage other young people to follow their own 22 .

Adventure racing is a 23 sport that includes lots of different 24 on unmarked trails in the wilderness such as hiking, running, rafting, canoeing, biking, climbing, horseback riding, orienteering, skiing and sailing. Races can 25 from 2 hours to 2 weeks!

Hunter became 26 in adventure racing through his dad, who is an Adventure

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Racer himself. While playing soccer and football, Hunter was looking to try something 27 . He asked his dad if he could 28 him in an Adventure Race, and he went on to 29 his first race in about 6 hours. Hunter loved being on the same team as his dad and he has been attracted to the sport ever since.

Hunter has learned a lot of perseverance(毅力) through adventure racing. There can be a lot of 30 in a race, but if you 31 , your whole team will have to 32 . This is unlike other team sports, like basketball or football, where you can stop and be 33 by another player. In racing, and in his life, the sport has taught Hunter to keep going when situations get 34

Hunter wants to inspire young people that they can complete 35 things at whatever age and that they don’t have to 36 until they get older to go after their dreams. That is one of the most common 37 in our society, “You’re not old enough to start that business; you should wait until you get older.” The biggest problem with this mindset(心态) is that once people 38 their dreams at a young age, they probably never come back to them, which 39 them never to complete anything. The best time to do something is now, so go after your dreams before it’s too 40 ! 21．A．clubs 22．A．examples 23．A．single 24．A．activities 25．A．appear 26．A．brave 27．A．new 28．A．beat 29．A．escape 30．A．progress 31．A．calm down 32．A．stop 33．A．guided 34．A．strange

B．records B．ways B．summer B．discoveries B．expect B．helpful B．dangerous B．join B．discuss B．pain B．drop in B．win B．protected B．smooth

C．differences C．teachers C．team C．wonders C．last C．confident C．expensive C．train C．complete C．experience C．carry on C．continue C．noticed C．hard C．unbelievable C．afford

D．companies D．dreams D．safe D．inventions D．stay D．interested D．easy D．please D．describe D．education D．give up D．increase D．replaced D．perfect D．pleasant D．work

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35．A．encouraging B．traditional 36．A．wait

B．believe

37．A．chances 38．A．go after 39．A．allows 40．A．late 【答案】 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．D 40．A 【分析】

B．excuses B．put off B．advises B．cold

C．congratulations C．set up C．requires C．clear

D．answers D．put up D．causes D．near

这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了19岁的Hunter Leininger正在参加探险速度赛来激励青年人趁早追逐自己的梦想。 21．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，19岁的 Hunter Leininger 已经创造了数个世界纪录，周游全球，完成了50项比赛。A. clubs俱乐部；B. records记录，录音；C. differences

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试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总24页

偏差，差异；D. companies公司，企业。根据“and completed over 50 races”可知19岁的他已经创造了世界纪录。故选B。 22．

A. examples考查名词词义辨析。句意：他现在的使命是鼓励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想。B. ways方法；C. teachers教师；D. dreams梦想。例子；根据下文“…until they get older to go after their dreams”可知他现在正通过自己的比赛来激励其他年轻人追逐自己的梦想。故选D。 23．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：探险速度赛里包括很多野外无标记路径上的不同种类的活动，如徒步旅行、跑步、漂流、皮划艇、骑自行车、爬山、骑马、定向越野、滑雪和帆船。A. single单一的，单身的；B. summer夏季的；C. team队；D. safe安全的。根据下文“...your whole team will have to 12 ”和“This is unlike other team sports”可知探险速度赛是一项团队运动。故选C。 24．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：探险速度赛里包括很多野外无标记路径上的不同种类的活动，如徒步旅行、跑步、漂流、皮划艇、骑自行车、爬山、骑马、定向越野、滑雪和帆船。A. activities活动；B. discoveries发现；C. wonders奇观；D. inventions发明。根据“…such as hiking, running, rafting, canoeing, biking, climbing, horseback riding, orienteering, skiing and sailing”可知包括很多野外无标记路径上的不同种类的活动。故选A。 25．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛可以持续2小时到2周!A. appear出现，显得；B. expect期待；C. last持续；D. stay保持。根据“from 2 hours to 2 weeks”可知比赛可以持续2小时到2周。故选C。 26．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨特对探险速度赛的兴趣是他因为他的父亲而产生的，他的父亲本身就是一名探险速度赛者。A. brave勇敢的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. confident自信的；D. interested感兴趣的。be/become interested in“对……感兴趣”，根据下文“He asked his dad if he could 8 him in an Adventure Race”可知是亨特对探险速度赛的兴趣。故选D。 27．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在踢足球和橄榄球的时候，亨特想尝试一些新的运动。A. new新的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. easy容易的。根据下文“He

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asked his dad if he could 8 him in an Adventure Race”可知亨特想尝试一些新的运动。故选A。 28．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加探险速度赛，他接下来A. beat打败；B. join参加；C. train训练；D. please在大约6小时内完成了他的第一次比赛。

使高兴。根据“and he went on to 9 his first race in about 6 hours”可知他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加冒险比赛。故选B。 29．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加探险速度赛，他接下来在大约6小时内完成了他的第一次比赛。A. escape逃开；B. discuss讨论；C. completeD. describe描述。完成；根据“in about 6 hours”可知他在大约6小时内完成了他的第一次比赛。故选C。 30．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一场比赛中可能有许多艰难困苦的时刻，但如果你放弃比A. progress进步，B. pain痛苦；C. experience赛，那么整个团队将不得不停止前进。发展；经验，经历；D. education教育。根据上文“Hunter has learned a lot of perseverance(毅力) through adventure racing. ”可知在一场比赛中可能会许多艰难困苦的时刻。故选B。 31．

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在一场比赛中可能有许多艰难困苦的时刻，但如果你放弃比赛，那么整个团队将不得不停止前进。A. calm down平静下来，镇定下来；B. drop in偶然走访，逐渐进入；C. carry on继续，参与；D. give up放弃。根据下文“where you can stop and be 13 by another player”可知如果你放弃了，你的整个团队将不得不停止。故选D。 32．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一场比赛中可能有许多艰难困苦的时刻，但如果你放弃比赛，那么整个团队将不得不停止前进。A. stop停止；B. win赢得；C. continue继续；D. increase增加。根据下文“where you can stop and be 13 by another player”可知如果你放弃了，你的整个团队将不得不停止。故选A。 33．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不像其他团体性运动，比如篮球或足球比赛中你可以下场A. guided带领；B. protected保护；C.noticed注意到；D. replaced然后让其他选手替你上场。

代替。根据“where you can stop”可知你停下来肯定会有另一名球员代替你。故选D。

试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总24页

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34．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在比赛中，以及在他的生活中，这项运动教会了亨特在遇到困难时要坚持下去。A. strange奇怪的，陌生的；B. smooth顺利的，光滑的；C. hard努力的；D. perfect完美的。根据“the sport has taught Hunter to keep going”可知这项运动教会了亨特在遇到困难时要坚持下去。故选C。 35．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亨特想激励年轻人，让他们意识到不管自己的年龄多大，都可以做成令人难以置信的事。他们不必等到自己长大后再去追逐自己的梦想。A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. traditional传统的；C. unbelievable难以置信的；D. pleasant令人愉快的，舒适的。根据“Hunter wants to inspire young people”可知亨特想要激励年轻人，他们可以在任何年龄完成令人难以置信的事。故选C。 36．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨特想激励年轻人，让他们意识到不管自己的年龄多大，都可以做成令人难以置信的事。他们不必等到自己长大后再去追逐自己的梦想。A. wait等候；B. believe相信；C. afford买得起，给予；D. work工作，起作用。根据“you should wait until you get older.”可知他们不必等到他们长大后再去追逐他们的梦想。故选A。 37．

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我们这个社会最常见的借口之一，“你年龄还不够大，不能去做那件事，你应该等到你长大了再去做。”A. chances机会；B. excuses借口，理由；C. congratulations祝贺；D. answers回答，答案。根据“You’re not old enough to start that business; you should wait until you get older.”可知这是我们这个社会最常见的借口之一。故选B。 38．

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这种心态最大的问题是，一旦人们年轻时延迟追求自己的梦想，他们很可能永远不会再想起自己的初心。A. go after追求；B. put off推迟，扔掉，阻止；C. set up建立；D. put up提供，建造。根据“they probably never come back to them”可知人们在年轻时推迟了梦想。故选B。 39．

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种心态最大的问题是，一旦人们年轻时延迟追求自己的梦A. allows允许；B. advises通知；C. requires想，他们很可能永远不会再想起自己的初心。D. causes造成，需要；引起。根据“once people 18 their dreams at a young age, they probably never come back to them”可知这导致他们永远无法完成任何事情。故选D。

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40．

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成事的最佳时机就是现在，所以趁还来得及，去追逐你的A. late迟到的；B. cold冷的；C. clear清楚的；D. near靠近的。梦想吧！根据“The best time to do something is now”可知是趁现在还来得及。故选A。

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Food is not enough in many parts of the world today. The world population is going to grow from around 7.5 billion today to 9.1 billion by the year 2050. That shows food safety will be41． (increasing)important from now on.

In animal agriculture, it is important to increase production efficiency(效率). If42．( farmer) can produce more meat, milk and eggs, they can better feed the world. Improving animal breeding, nutrition and health 43．(mean)more food for humans. Animal scientists also study different animal diets. If animals can eat feedstuffs(饲料), we can use more grains for human food.

Once the food 44． (produce), it is important to keep it from being damaged. Food security depends 45．proper food storage and handling. Animal scientists and meat scientists work hard to find out about46． we can stop pathogens(病原体)47． (get) to animal products.

The next step is to get the food to people48． need it. Some areas of the world are more suited for agricultural production. It is important for countries with extra food to export food to countries with food that is not enough. Again, proper storage and handling are important for food transport. Some animal producers also export live animals. Animal scientists work with these producers to keep animals49． (health) during these shipments.

It is also important to reduce the effect of food production on the environment. We are required 50． (make) sure land, air and water are kept safe for generations to come. 【答案】 41．increasingly 42．farmers 43．means 44．is produced 45．on/upon 46．how

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47．getting 48．who/that 49．healthy 50．to make 【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界范围的粮食安全问题。 41．

考查副词。句意：这表明，从现在起，食品安全将变得越来越重要。根据形容词important可知此处要用副词。故填increasingly。 42．

考查名词复数。句意：如果农民能生产更多的肉、奶和蛋，他们就能更好地养活全世界。根据主句主语they指代上文提到的人，由此可知此处要用名词的复数形式，作从句的主语。故填farmers。 43．

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：改善动物饲养、营养和健康意味着人类有更多的食物。描nutrition 述事实，时态是一般现在时；句子主语为动名词短语Improving animal breeding，and health，可知此处是谓语要用动词第三人称单数形式。故填means。 44．

考查时态和语态。句意：一旦食物被生产出来，防止它被破坏是很重要的。分析可知，此处为从句谓语动词，结合语境可知表一般的情况，且food与produce之间为被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态，且food为不可数名词。故填is produced。 45．

考查介词。句意：粮食安全取决于正确的粮食储存和处理。固定短语depend on/upon“取决于，依赖，依靠”。故填on/upon。 46．

考查宾语从句的疑问词。句意：动物科学家和肉类科学家努力寻找如何可以阻止病原体传播到动物产品上。由介词about可知此处是一个宾语从句，分析宾语从句可知，从句成分完整，但缺少“如何”之意，因此要用连接副词how，表示方式。故填how。 47．

考查非谓语动词。句意：动物科学家和肉类科学家努力寻找如何可以阻止病原体传播到动物产品上。固定短语stop sb. （from）doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填getting。 48．

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考查定语从句的关系词。句意：下一步是将这些食物送到需要的人手中。分析句子可知，此处是一个性定语从句，先行词为people，定语从句need it中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 49．

考查形容词。句意：动物科学家与这些生产商合作，在运输过程中保持动物的健康。短语keep sb./sth. adj.“（使）保持/处于某种状态”，用形容词作宾补。故填healthy。 50．

考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须确保子孙后代的土地、空气和水的安全。此处为 require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”的被动结构sb be required to do sth.“某人被要求做某事”，此处不定式为主语补足语。故填to make。

五、短文改错

51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。 注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Dear Sir or Madam,

I have learned of the poster that an exhibition of intelligent robots will held in your museum. Now, I'm writing to ask for more informations about it.

Firstly, could you please tell me how many robots will be on show but what the robots are main used for? Secondly, I want to know if there will be any performances giving by the robots or any games in that we can play against the robots. What’s the more, I wonder whether I should booked tickets for the exhibition now. I would be grateful whether you could give me an early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

【答案】1.of→from/in 2.will后加be

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3.informations→information 4.but→and 5.main→mainly 6.giving→given 7.that→which 8.删除the 9.booked→book 10.whether→if 【分析】

这是一篇应用文。文章主要描述对于智能机器人展览想了解更多信息。 【详解】

1.考查介词。句意：我听说你们博物馆将举办智能机器人展。固定短语：learn from/in意为“从......了解到”，故of改为from/in。

2.考查一般将来时的被动语态。an exhibition of intelligent robots 句意同上。分析句子可知，与动词hold为动宾关系，所以hold要用被动，结合本句的时态，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will + be + 过去分词，故will后加be。 3.考查不可数名词。句意：现在，我写信来询问更多的信息。information为不可数名词，所以informations改为information。故informations改为information。

4.考查并列连词。句意：首先，你能告诉我有多少机器人要展出，这些机器人主要用来做什么吗？分析句子可知，本句为并列句，“ how many ...on show”和“what ...used for?”两个分句不存在转折关系，仅表示并列，所以but改为and。故but改为and。 5.考查副词。句意同上。结合本句中used for，可知，此处用副词来修饰动词，故main改为mainly。

6.考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，我想知道是否会有机器人的表演，或者我们可以和机performances与give在逻辑上为动宾关系，器人玩的游戏。所以give要用过去分词表被动，故giving改为given。

7.考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，名词games为先行词，其后内容为定语从句修饰先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，结合关系词用法，要用关系副词where，关系副词where可以用in which替换，所以that改为which。故that改为which。

8.考查固定表达。句意：另外，我想知道我是否应该现在订展览会的门票。固定表达：what's more，表示“而且，另外”，不需要冠词。故删除the。

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9.考查情态动词的用法。句意同上。情态动词后跟动词原形，所以booked改为book。故booked改为book。

10.考查条件状语从句。I would 句意：如果你能早点给我答复，我将不胜感激。固定句式：be grateful if...，意为“如果......我将不胜感激”，if为条件状语从句。故whether改为if。

六、提纲类作文

52．假定你是李华，你家即将搬到另外一个城市，因此你需要转学。请你用英语给外教Mr. Smith写一封信，内容包括： 1.辞行原因和时间； 2.想对老师说的话。 注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Smith,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Respectfully,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,

I write to you to bid you farewell as I am leaving school next week to transfer to another high school. My family is moving to another city and I will be moving there too to continue my studies. The move is quite sudden and I would have liked to finish my studies first, but the move is necessary for us.

I want to tell you that you are the best teacher I have ever had. You have become a close friend to me and I will miss the lessons that you teach us. I know these lessons will help me as I begin life in another city.

I wish you the best in your career.

Respectfully,

Li Hua

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Jim写封邮件，表达辞行原因和时间以及想

试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总24页

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要对老师说的话。 【详解】 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：并列结构

第一部分为陈述辞行的原因和时间，第二部分是自己想对老师说的话。 要求：

1. 辞行原因和时间； 2. 想对老师说的话。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）

bid you farewell; transfer to another high school; continue my studies; sudden; necessary for us; miss the lessons. 第三步：连词成句

1.I write to you to bid you farewell as I am leaving school next week to transfer to another high school.

2. The move is quite sudden and I would have liked to finish my studies first, but the move is necessary for us.

3.I want to tell you that you are the best teacher I have ever had.

4. You have become a close friend to me and I will miss the lessons that you teach us. 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表转折对比关系：but, However,

2.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 【点睛】

[高分句型1] I write to you to bid you farewell as I am leaving school next week to transfer to another high school.该句是复合句。后半句as引导原因状语从句。使用高分词组“bid you farewell，transfer to another high school.”

[高分句型2] The move is quite sudden and I would have liked to finish my studies first, but the move is necessary for us.该句前半句and连接两个并列句，后半句but引导原因状语从句。采用高分词汇sudden，necessary。

[高分句型3] I want to tell you that you are the best teacher I have ever had.该句是复合句。前半部分tell sb that中that引导宾语从句，做tell的直接宾语。后半部分是性定语

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是先行词，省略了关系代词that，在从句中做had的宾语。 试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总24页 24

从句，the best teacher