2014年下半年雅思写作备考策略

〖文字大小：大 中 小〗 〖打印〗 08-16 推荐访问：雅思写作雅思写作备考雅思写作技巧

〘出国留学网http://www.liuxue86.com - 雅思作文〙2014年下半年雅思写作备考策略

下半年的时间将很快过去，我们要把握好时间，看过了上半年的雅思考试总结，我们来看看下半年应该怎么备考会比较有针对性，下面就是由出国留学网小编为你带来的《2014年下半年雅思写作备考策略》，希望对你的备考有所帮助。

TASK 1 小作文出题趋势及应对策略 (一)下半年出题类型及数量

1.1. 出题类型及数量预测：近10年来的出题平均比重决定了上半年的饼状图和柱状图出现相对较少，而相反，表格，流程和地图却出现较多。因此，在未来下半年的考试中，小作文会以柱图，线图和饼图为主;地图和流程也会出现，但是数量不会很多。所以，根据近几年的数据统计，2014下半年的考试将出现以下预估状态：

2014年下半年预测题型及数量(最大出题量-平均出题量-最小出题量)

1.1. 核心考点预测：上半年的小作文题目多以时间变化类的动态题目为主，且考试过程中进一步加入了多种细节元素，因此，后半年参加考试之前一定熟悉考点细节。预测的考点细节包括：

1.2.1. 时态考察：如果一个题目出现时间变化，最后一个时间表述用完成时表结束;如果出现将来时间段，使用被动语态替换将来时;如果出现现在时间，用现在完成时表强调。考生须谨记一点：对于考官来讲，在一篇文章里如果能够看到多样的时态使用情况，就能够体现出考生扎实的语法功底，所以请不要错过展现自己时态使用的机会。

1.2.2. 单位考察：单位是题目中最微小的细节，但是也是很多考生忽略的部分。题目单位中出现计数单位(如thousands)会带s，但实际写作中出现详细数字时计数词后s要去掉(如three thousand);题目单位中出现(如in thousands)意为“千分之”，要分清与“千”的区别;题目单位如果为较长词组(如dollars per person per year)在第一次文章出现单位时切记写完整，之后可缩写(如dollars)。 1.2.3. 数据考察：题目中出现的时间，百分比及年龄尽可能避开直接抄袭数据而选择做替换(如1950替换为mid 20th century);无特点数据对比进行加减法(如20%对比13%可替换为7% less than);细心观察倍数关系，并准确表达(如180对比90可替换为double)等。总而言之，对于数字在后半年的考试中考生要做到灵活多变，且尽可能多给描述对比，切忌直接抄数据。

1.2.4. 特殊题型：需要各位考生在下半年必须铭记于心的是每年的考试中会出现一次带负数的柱图，柱饼结合和文字表格。提前熟悉该类题目可以避免在考场中产生陌生感，防患于未然。 (二)考试前练习 2.1 分题型练习：

2.1.1. 线图：上半年大多数线性图以3线居多而4线只有一篇，且全部为交叉类线图;在没有出现平行类线图的前提下，推荐考生熟悉剑桥雅思5-TEST1-P29页三线图，该题目还附带将来时的练习。 2.1.2. 饼图：该类型题目以时间类居多，但是不太会涉及到将来时出现，因此，剑桥雅思8-TEST2-P53页的3饼图成为了后半年考试的雅思考生复习的最好样题。

2.1.3. 表格：图表题目中最少的类型表格可能会在下半年考试的时候出现较复杂的题目类型，但按照历史出题情况来看，文字类表格和时间类表格仍然是考生需要主要复习的题目。首荐剑桥雅思6-TEST2-P52页的动态表格。

2.1.4. 柱图：柱状图在下半年的出题次数上一定是最多的，按照统计估算，可能会超过上半年;而且，题目的种类也会覆盖较广，从x轴时间类到色标为时间类，下半年柱图的题目多样化一定会使得没有提前准备的雅思考生的努力付诸一炬。推荐剑桥雅思7-TEST3-P78，剑桥雅思6-TEST4-P98及官方指南OG-TEST8。

2.1.5. 流程及地图：流程和地图在下半年的出题里可能会因上半年的数量而减少，预测截至12月份，地图和流程的总出题量总共会少于4篇，而有难度的题目也会得到较好的回报，冲击写作高分的学员们可以在准备该类型题目之后报考时连续报考同一月份中的两次考试，期待一次与流程地图的偶遇带来的写作分数加成。

(三)下半年话题预测

小作文下半年考试中所涉及到的话题会一如既往地与每年考试中最热门的话题相关，而提前准备以下话题中的核心词汇和替换词汇可能会让小作文的表达得以升华： TASK1话题 能源资源 预测话题 1. 化石能源使用 2. 水使用 3. 森林资源使用 4. 环保能源使用 推荐题目（C：剑桥雅思）（OG：官方指南） C7T4 C6T1 C8T1 C7T4 生产消耗 1. 农业渔业畜牧业 2. 饮食快餐 C6T1 新东方雅思基础写作Unit2，机经20140201 新东方机经20140619 C6T2 OG-T4 OG-T2 Mc Millan-TEST5 OG-T3，OG-T7 C7T1 C5T1 OG-T1，OG-T8 OG-T6 运输旅游 1. 游客人数 2. 通勤及出行方式 3. 进口出口 4. 环境保护 娱乐教育 1. 学科成绩 2. 图书馆等使用 3. 校园，城市发展 4. 娱乐花费 5. 人口寿命 6. 生活质量 社会发展 1. 投资捐款 2. 犯罪改造 预测话题词汇背诵：很多考生在准备大作文替换词的时候忽略了小作文话题词扩充的重要性。但其实在课后准备的过程中小作文的话题词汇背诵会更加有效。比如：发电在考试中常见的题目表达为produce electricity，考生应在考试中做表达方面的准备和替换，如：electricity generation, energy manufacture等。所以，以上话题的专业表达要在下半年上考场前提前背诵，让小作文无形之中增加内容和表达。

TASK 2大作文出题趋势及应对策略 (一)回答问题

在答题方面考生要谨记两个核心要点：明确个人立场和观点延伸。

1.1. “明确个人立场”的核心意思是考生在回答大作文所给出的问题时避开选择完全中立或者讨论之后提及个人观点。影响考官对文章作者中心思想的理解是大作文答题不合格甚至跑题的罪魁祸首。推荐考生在看到题目之后就将自己的个人观点先标注在题目上，以便论证时能随时检验。另外，中立的写法虽然会让文章论证力度上稍有逊色，但分条件或情况论证会给文章带来有效的语言和观点。推荐范文：剑桥雅思7-TEST1-P163页，剑桥雅思6-TEST2-P1页。

1.2. 扣题固然重要，但很多冲击高分的学员放弃了做观点延伸的勇气。请广大考生牢记雅思评分标准中的高分要求： extends ideas。即观点要在回答全面的基础上做进一步的延伸和推导。鼓励大家在保证文章全面回答了问题以后，引出新的争议;给出解决方案，猜测;描写对于未来的影响。推荐范文：剑桥雅思6-TEST2-1页结尾段。 (二)逻辑连接

西方人的文章逻辑其实要比众多考生想象的单纯很多，如雅思写作最重视的是以下三项：分段，连词和细节。

2.1. 分段从中文文章学习时就耳濡目染，但考生必须做到的是段落间的内容禁止重复，这也意味着每段话要有自己的中心思想、论证和解释。

2.2. 逻辑连接词的灵活使用是体现优秀学术能力的核心标志，同时，使用较为少见和复杂用法的逻辑连词(如thereby，notwithstanding和thus等)可以在很大程度上提高文章的衔接和难度，非常推荐考生提前准备。

2.3. 文章的观点固然需要细节的支撑，但很多6分段的学生完全不理解细节和观点的区别，导致文章段落内容混乱。这里需要广大考生记住的是：形容词为观点，动词为细节。例如：“因特网很方便”为形容词句型，同时是观点。而“轻轻地敲击键盘便可获得网络上的任何信息”为动词句型，同时是细节。再如，“离家远”为形容词，又为观点;而“骑单车50分钟才到”为动作，又为细节。所以，考生在文章表达时既要有形容词的观点又要有动词句型去支撑解释观点，才可以让文章更具说服力。 (三)用词文法

在雅思写作大作文的单词使用方面有一条大多数学生容易忽略的评分机制，那就是“使用不常见词汇哪怕带错”也比“仅能使用简单词汇”的文章在分数上更胜一筹。简单地来讲，提前刻意准备复杂、高端的词汇会在文章中向考官更好地展现学术能力从而得到考官的认可。在单词准备上要注意以下三个要点：1. 单词市面普及度低，如GRE词汇和GMAT词汇都可作为雅思的高分词汇;2. 尽量挑选抽象意思的动词(如castigate迷惑，habituate习惯于，deracinate杜绝等)，因为类似词汇可以更容易适应任何话题，更容易在写作时将它们展现出来;3. 选择词时要保证数量不要多(推荐20个以内)，同时要保证积极类和消极类的词汇都有，避免词汇性质无法投入到文章中。 (四)语法句型

语法基础薄弱是很多学生在多项写作考试中失利的罪魁祸首，针对语法基础薄弱的有效解决方案是: 针对性地学习某项语法固然效率低下，但句子改错可能会让学生对于语法及出错有着更好的潜意识提高。推荐各位考生在上考场的前一个月里尝试SAT的语法改错题(如第三人称单词错误：Television viewers claim thatA the number of scenes depictingB alcohol consumption haveC increased dramatically overD the last decade. No errorE.)(答案：c)

总而言之，写作固然是四项雅思考试中最难以获取高分的板块，但它的存在也体现了优秀学生和精英学生在英文能力上的绝对区别。同时，写作现阶段的努力和拼搏铺垫了将来出国路上至关重要的论文和报告，以及未来学术造诣的方向。希望所有雅思考生都能通过写作的洗礼，踏上成功之路。(本文节选自《新东方2014雅思年度中期报告》)

2014上半年雅思写作回顾及下半年趋势走向

文章摘要：这半年烤鸭们给我们后来参加雅思考试的烤鸭们许多参考资料，下面就为所有烤鸭们来总结一下上半年考试的重点，让准备在下半年参加雅思考试的烤鸭们做足准备。

一考情分析

小作文考试类别1月9日-6月28日(共24次) 首先用一张表格呈现以下上半年的阅读考情

小作文考试题型

根据所绘制出来的表格，不难得出几个结论：

首先，在图表题中，相比静态图(12.5%)而言，动态图(62.5%)的考试出现比例依然占了绝大部分。 其次，数据题(75%)依然占主导地位，但是非数据题(25%)的比例较往年有所上升。流程图和地图题在去年分别才出现3次，今年才截止到6月，两者都已经打破往年规律，以分别出现3次的频率让很多考生措手不及。

最后，其它数据题型的考查相对稳定，虽然柱图和饼图的考查较往年相比有所下降，但柱图和线图依然是图表类作文的重中之重。 二 小作文真题分类汇总 表格

1The table shows changes of population in Australia and Malaysia from 1980 to 2002. 动态图(140222)

2The table below shows the number of people (millions) taking part in five different physical activities between 2001 and 2009. 动态图(140524)

3The following table shows the income and expenditure of City Hall in a three-year period. 动态图(140213)

4The table below shows the statistics on age, income and poverty in three states in USA in 2000. 静态图(140109) 地图题

1 The maps show changes that took place in a city from 1960 to now. 变迁题 (140517) 2. The maps below show a village park now and ten years ago. 变迁题(140621)

3. The diagram below shows the present college and its plan in 2015 for proposed development. 变迁题(140301) 柱图

1. The bar chart below shows the share of the world productions between 1840 and 2000 in three continents. 动态图(140315)

2. The charts below show temperature and rainfall in an Equatorial Climate and a Mediterranean climate. 动态图(140515)

3. The bar charts below show the percentage of males’ watching and participation in six sporting activities, including rugby, football, basketball, badminton, fishing, horse and racing. 静态图(140424)

4. The bar charts below show four ways of dealing with rubbish by burnt, biologically treated, recycled and landfill in Netherlands, Italy, Spain and UK. 静态图 (140313)

5. The chart below shows the aid from six developed countries to developing countries from 2008 to 2010. 动态图(140607)

6. The bar charts below show the percentage of film released and ticket sales in 1996 and 2001. 动态图(140426) 综合题

1. The bar chart gives us the information about the life expectancy in Japan, United States, Korea and Indonesia and the table shows us the change in the life expectancy between 1953 and 2008. 静态柱+动态表(140628)

2. The line graph shows the average price of tickets at a theater and the bar chart shows the average percentage of tickets sold. 动态线+静态柱(140118) 线图

1.The line graph shows the quantity of goods transported by four different modes of transport in an European country from 1980 with projection until 2015. 动态图(140412)

2. The line graph shows the percentage of students following different types of courses in a college in 1985 to 2005. It also shows a forecast of 2015. 动态图(140201)

3. The graph below shows the number of oversea visitors who came to the UK for different purpose between 19 and 2009. 动态图(140619)

4. The line graph shows the change of government spending on retirement pensions, education and health from 2001 and projected to 2051. 动态图(140405)

5. The line graph below shows the percentage of good quality water in four countries between 1950 and 2000. It also predicts the further proportion of good quality water in 2015. 动态图(140215) 流程图

1. The diagram shows how to make soft cheese.(140510)

2. The diagram shows the process of recycling glass bottles to make new ones.(140111) 3. The diagrams below show three methods companies choose to recruit new employees.(140308) 三、大作文真题汇总分类 类：

1. Towns and cities are attractive places. Some suggest the government should spend money putting in more works of art like paintings and statues to make them better to live in. Do you agree or disagree? 单边(140213) 社会类：

1. Some people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to ensure that there only small differences between the richest and the poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140201)

2. An increasing number of people change their careers and places of residence several times during their life. Is it a positive or negative development? 单边(积极或消极)(140405) 3. Employers should give staffs at least four weeks’ holiday a year as employees can be better at their work. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? 单边(140515) 4. An increasing number of people are changing their careers. What are the reasons? Do you think it is positive or negative? 混合类 (140621)

5. Nowadays many young people choose to change their jobs frequently. What are the causes of the situation? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantage? 混合类(140111)

6. Some people think that it is important for all cities and towns to have large public spaces such as parks and squares. Do you agree or disagree? 单边(140315)

7. Some people believe that if a police force carries a gun, it will encourage higher levels of violence in the whole society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140607) 8. Some people think that living in big cities is bad for people’s health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140301)

9. Some people think that men should take on housework tasks (such as cleaning, childcare)as women，do you agree or disagree? 单边(140510) 环境类：

1. International community must ensure that all countries reduce the consumption of fossil fuels such as gas and oil. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140125)

2. With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people should look for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas? 单边(优缺点)(140628)

3. Some people think that the best way for a government to solve the problem of traffic congestion is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day 7 days a week. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140109) 抽象类：

1. Some people think success in life is based on hard work and determination but others think there are more important factors like money and appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 双边讨论(140215) 科技类

1. Children can learn effectively from watching television. Therefore children should be encouraged to watch television regularly both at home and at school. Do you agree or disagree? 单边(140517)

2. Some people think that printed books are no longer necessary in this digital era as all writings can be stored electronically. Others think that printed books still play important roles. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 双边(140313)

3. In most countries with the widespread of the use of the Internet people have more freedom to choose to work and study at home instead of traveling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 单边(优缺点)(140426) 媒体类：

1. Nowadays a lot of TV advertisement aim at children. What are the effects of this on children? Should TV advertisement be controlled? 混合类(140424) 教育类

1. Some say that the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to the society. Others say that the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 双边(140412)

2. Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem? 报告类(140118)

3. Some people think it is easier for adults to learn practical skills (such as computer skills) by themselves while others believe it is better to learn with a teacher in classroom. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. 双边(140619)

4. Educating children is expensive and in some countries governments pay some or all of the costs. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? 单边(优缺点)(140222)

5. Many young people leave school with a negative attitude. What are the reasons? How can we encourage young people to study? 报告类(140524)

6. Some people think young people should be required to have full time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 单边(140308) 四、考情分析

大作文话题类型1月9日-6月28日(共24次)

大作文题型

大作文辩论型题目分类

根据所绘制出来的表格，不难得出几个结论：

首先，就大作文的考试题型而言，辩论型考题(79%)是考试的重点，其中以同不同意(67%)的考查方式为主旋律。其次考查重点是双观点的题型，但较往年相比，考的频率较低，只出现了4次。报告类上半年出现的频率非常低，只考了2次。

其次，就考试的话题而言，2014年大作文考查重点话题主要分布在社会和教育类两大话题上。教育类的话题向来都是重中之重，本年度上半阶段的教育话题主要与儿童教育相关，考查如何帮助儿童集中学习注意力，是否该承担儿童教育费用，儿童是否该被鼓励在学校和家里有规律的看电视等。社会类话题的考查点则相对较多，尤其涉及年轻人的就业观(在一个岗位久待还是频繁跳槽)方面考了好几次。穷人富人是否需要收入平等化?男女是否需要家务平等化?平等方面的出题点也备受青睐。还有公共设施方面的出题点，关于公共场所是否需要多建公园?这些都是社会类的重点考查方向。

最后，，抽象类，媒体类都只出现了一次，与往年相比，与媒体的考试频率有所下降。当然类的考题在教育类和环境类话题里也有涉及，所以本身各种话题之间都会有相互的联系。从整个雅思考试分析，可以把考试话题归为十大类，上半年的考试主要集中在重点的几大类，还有很多相对较冷门的类别没有出现。