earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth"s crust that creates seismic waves(地震波). Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer(地震检波器), also known as a seismograph(地震仪). The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude(里氏量级), with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible 感觉不到的 and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale(麦加利震级, 麦氏震级).
At the Earth"s surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement (位移)of the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter (震中)is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami(海啸). The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.
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